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Date: 12-2-2016
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Date: 16-7-2016
1684
Date: 22-2-2016
2408
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HYDROFORMYLATION
The hydroformylation (oxo) reactions offer ways of converting a-olefins to aldehydes and/or alcohols containing an additional carbon atom.
In the process (Fig. 1), the olefin in a liquid state is reacted at 27 to 30 MPa and 150 to 170oC in the presence of a soluble cobalt catalyst. The aldehyde and a lesser amount of the alcohol are formed and flashed off along with steam, and the catalyst is recycled. Conversions of over 97 percent are obtained, and the reaction is strongly exothermic. The carbon monoxide and hydrogen are usually in the form of synthesis gas.
When propylene is used as the hydrocarbon, n- and iso-butyraldehyde are formed. This reaction is most frequently run with the C3 and C7 to C12 olefins. When C7 olefins are used, a series of dimethyl- and ethylhexanols and methyl heptanols are formed that are used as octyl alcohols to make
plasticizers and esters.
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علامات بسيطة في جسدك قد تنذر بمرض "قاتل"
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أول صور ثلاثية الأبعاد للغدة الزعترية البشرية
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مكتبة أمّ البنين النسويّة تصدر العدد 212 من مجلّة رياض الزهراء (عليها السلام)
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