Vowels commA

The BCDP data indicate that this is typically [ə], with a marked tendency towards lowering to . Painter (1963: 30–31) has BC /ə/, realized as  (following close/half-close vowel versus open/half-open vowel respectively), while Chinn and Thorne (2001: 20–24) maintain that Bm speakers’ realization here is typically “a”-like (), e.g. in China, dogma.