المرجع الالكتروني للمعلوماتية
المرجع الألكتروني للمعلوماتية

English Language
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Grammar
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Primary-B types  
  
923   12:05 صباحاً   date: 2023-04-15
Author : R.M.W. Dixon
Book or Source : A Semantic approach to English grammar
Page and Part : 350-10


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Date: 2023-11-20 1130
Date: 2023-05-23 1280
Date: 2023-10-07 1019

Primary-B types

. ATTENTION type. Many have Agent-nom’s, including observer, demonstrator, discoverer, witness, student, investigator, watcher, listener. There are a fair number of Activity-nom’s, such as observation, perception, notice. The few Unit-nom’s include demonstration and appearance, while discovery doubles as Object-nom and Unit-nom.

 

. THINKING type. There are just a few Agent-nom’s (thinker, brooder, dreamer) but many Activity-Nom’s (consideration, imagination, reflection, realization) and also a scattering of Object-nom’s, such as suspect, knowledge, assumption, supposition. Some nominalizations can function as Object-nom and Unit-nom (thought, dream), while others can be Result-nom and Unit-nom (solution, belief).

 

. DECIDING type. All can, potentially, form Agent-nom’s although only some are in common use, including planner, selector. (Decider generally has a quite different sense, referring to the final match in a sporting context where each side has won an equal number of the lead-up games.) There are a number of Unit-nom’s—decision, selection, election, appointment.

 

. SPEAKING type. Agent-nom’s are largely concentrated in subtypes SPEAKING-a/b/c (speaker, communicator, discussant, narrator) although we also find claimant, braggart, informer (and informant), lecturer, and nominator, among others. There are many Unit-nom’s, including speech, argument, quarrel, chat, joke, talk, narration, utterance, and some which can also double as Object-nom—assertion, suggestion, offer. Some SPEAKING verbs have a Result-nom, as in His joke was published, Her offer was refused. For some, a Result-nom can also function as Unit-nom—declaration, proclamation. And some form an Activity-nom; one can talk of fierce quarrelling, extravagant boasting, loud applauding.

 

. LIKING and ANNOYING types. All verbs from these types form a State-nom— liking, preference, amusement, distraction, and so on. There are also ‘unit’ type State-nom’s—hate, love, like. Agent-nom’s only exist when some physical action is involved—worshipper, entertainer. And there is the Object-nom favorite.

 

. ACTING type. We find some Agent-nom’s (actor, imitator), many Unit-nom’s (action, behavior) and some which can be Result-nom and Unit-nom (imitation).

 

. HAPPENING type. There are Agent-nom’s for some of the transitive members— organizer, arranger—and for some intransitive verbs even though there is no volition involved—undergoer and experiencer. A number of the verbs form Unit-nom’s, including happening, while arrangement and change function as both Unit-nom and Result-nom.

 

. COMPARING and RELATING types. Some of these verbs form Property-nom’s, resemblance, inclusion, dependence, and so on. There are just a few Agent-nom’s, often for specialized occupations, such as weigher and timer.