History of Manganese

• 1771-Manganese recognized as an element by Swedish chemist Scheele
• 1774-First isolated by J.G. Gahn.
• 1799-patents granted in U.K. for using manganese in steelmaking
• 1808-Patents granted in U.k. for using manganese in steelmaking
• 1816-A German researcher observed that manganese increased the hardness of iron, without reducing its malleability or toughness.
• 1826-Prieger in Germany produced a ferromanganese containing 80% manganese in a crucible.
• 1840-J.M. Heath produced metallic manganese in England.
• 1841-Industrial-scale production of "spiegeleisen", a pig-iron containing a high percentage of manganese began.
• 1875-Commercial production of ferromanganese with a 65% manganese content. started
• 1860-Beginning of modern steel industry.
• 1868-Invention of dry cell using manganese dioxide