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Date: 12-2-2018
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Date: 25-6-2020
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Date: 17-1-2018
1393
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Variable oxidation states
The occurrence of variable oxidation states and, often, the interconversion between them, is a characteristic of most d-block metals; exceptions are in groups 3 and 12 as Table 19.3 illustrates.
Table 19.3 Oxidation states of the d-block metals; the most stable states are marked in blue. Tabulation of zero oxidation states refers to their appearance in compounds of the metal.
A comparison between the available oxidation states for a given metal and the electronic configurations listed in Table 1.3 is instructive. As expected, metals that display the greatest number of different oxidation states occur in or near the middle of a d-block row. Two cautionary notes (illustrated by d- and f -block metal compounds) should be made:
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دراسة: عدم ترتيب الغرفة قد يدل على مشاكل نفسية
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علماء: تغير المناخ تسبب في ارتفاع الحرارة خلال موسم الحج
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العتبة العباسية تطلق المؤتمر العلمي لأسبوع الإمامة باللغة الإنجليزية
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