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Date: 21-9-2020
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Many organic compounds found in nature contain rings of carbon atoms. These compounds are known as cycloalkanes. Cycloalkanes have one or more rings of carbon atoms. Cycloalkanes only contain carbon-hydrogen bonds and carbon-carbon single bonds. The simplest examples of this class consist of a single, un-substituted carbon ring, and these form a homologous series similar to the unbranched alkanes.
Like alkanes, cycloalkane molecules are often drawn as skeletal structures in which each intersection between two lines is assumed to have a carbon atom with its corresponding number of hydrogens. Cyclohexane, one of the most common cycloalkanes is shown below as an example.
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Cyclic hydrocarbons have the prefix "cyclo-". The IUPAC names, molecular formulas, and skeleton structures of the first ten cycloalkanes are given in Table 1.1. Note that the general formula for a cycloalkane composed of n carbons is CnH2n, and not CnH2n+2 as for alkanes. Although a cycloalkane has two fewer hydrogens than the equivalent alkane, each carbon is bonded to four other atoms so are still considered to be saturated with hydrogen.
Table 1.1: Examples of Simple Cycloalkanes | ||
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Cycloalkane | Molecular Formula | Skeleton Structure |
Cyclopropane | C3H6 | |
Cyclobutane | C4H8 | |
Cyclopentane | C5H10 | |
Cyclohexane | C6H12 | |
Cycloheptane | C7H14 | |
Cyclooctane | C8H16 | |
Cyclononane | C9H18 | |
Cyclodecane | C10H20 |
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دراسة يابانية لتقليل مخاطر أمراض المواليد منخفضي الوزن
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اكتشاف أكبر مرجان في العالم قبالة سواحل جزر سليمان
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المجمع العلمي ينظّم ندوة حوارية حول مفهوم العولمة الرقمية في بابل
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