7:2:39 
2023-04-19 
409
Sleep apnea causes cognitive decline
A small new study shows that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which leads to disrupted sleep, loud snoring and other health problems, may come with complications of cognitive decline at an early age.
In people with obstructive sleep apnea, the throat muscles relax and prevent the lungs from getting air, causing the sleeper to not breathe for a moment. It is the most common sleep-related breathing disorder. While it can be treated with certain devices and surgery, it is a serious medical condition with an increased risk of health complications such as heart disease.
OSA has long been linked to cognitive problems, psychological problems including depression, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. However, what isn't clear is whether they are caused by obstructive sleep apnea or by some medical problem related to obstructive sleep apnea.
"We show poorer executive functioning, visuospatial memory and deficits in vigilance, sustained attention, motor and psychomotor control in men with obstructive sleep apnea," says neuropsychologist Ivana Rosenzweig, from King's College London in the UK. Most of these deficits were previously attributable to comorbidities. We have also shown for the first time that obstructive sleep apnea can cause significant deficits in social cognition."
The latest study included 27 men, ages 35 to 70, with a new diagnosis of mild to severe obstructive sleep apnea and no comorbidities — any other health problems or illnesses that may or may not be associated with obstructive sleep apnea. Seven other men matched for age, BMI, and education but not obstructive sleep apnea were used as a control group.
On cognitive tests, men with OSA scored lower on sustained attention, executive functioning, short-term visual recognition memory, and social and emotional recognition than the control group. The more severe the sleep apnea, the worse the results compared to the control group.
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