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Date: 2023-04-07
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Most adverbs can make up a complete utterance, either in reply to a question or in response to a statement. The main adverbs which are unlikely to have this function are:
. only, even, just (non-time sense), also, too, simply, etc.
Discourse contexts in which an adverb may make up a full reply or response include:
(a) An answer to a wh- question with
where or in which direction, etc.—spatial adverbs; for example, ‘Where is he?’ ‘Downstairs.’
when or for how long, etc.—all phrasal and clausal time adverbs and most mono-morphemic time adverbs; for example, ‘When will it be ready?’ ‘Presently.’
how—adverbs derived from adjectives, for example, ‘How did he react?’ ‘Jealously.’
how much; for example, ‘How much do you like him?’ ‘Awfully much.’
(b) An answer to a polar question can be an adverb which here functions as an interjection; for example, ‘Has he finished it?’ ‘Almost’, and ‘Is she the best candidate?’ ‘Obviously.’ These include:
almost, hardly
indeed, of course set
definitely, usually, obviously, etc.
rather, quite, a-bit, kind-of, absolutely
slightly, somewhat
(c) A questioning response to a statement; for example, ‘Mary did it.’ ‘Really?’ and ‘John has finished it.’ ‘Already?’ These include:
alone?
always?, still?, already?, again? (and perhaps others)
really? truly?
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