Retroflexion of [t] and [d]

PakE uses retroflex stops. The alveolar stops of other English dialects are realized as  and . This use of retroflex stops instead of RP alveolar stops is listed as an example of ‘series substitution’ by Kachru (1992: 62) and is a feature of South Asian English. Examples of use of retroflex stops  and  in PakE are:  ‘strut’ and  ‘dress’.