Monophthongs and diphthongs STRUT (CUT), BATH (GRASS), PALM and START

Phonemically these four vowels are the same and are realized as [a]. Phonetically there is some variation: both STRUT and BATH have retracted [a], with BATH tending to be extra short, and PALM and START are both realized simply as [a] or an extra short [a] (especially the PALM vowel).