Conversion of amides into carboxylic acids: Hydrolysis
المؤلف:
University of Missouri System
المصدر:
Organic Chemistry ii
الجزء والصفحة:
.................
20-10-2020
1965
Conversion of amides into carboxylic acids: Hydrolysis
This page describes the hydrolysis of amides under both acidic and alkaline conditions. It also describes the use of alkaline hydrolysis in testing for amides.
What is hydrolysis?
Technically, hydrolysis is a reaction with water. That is exactly what happens when amides are hydrolyzed in the presence of dilute acids such as dilute hydrochloric acid. The acid acts as a catalyst for the reaction between the amide and water. The alkaline hydrolysis of amides actually involves reaction with hydroxide ions, but the result is similar enough that it is still classed as hydrolysis.
Hydrolysis under acidic conditions
Taking ethanamide as a typical amide. If ethanamide is heated with a dilute acid (such as dilute hydrochloric acid), ethanoic acid is formed together with ammonium ions. So, if you were using hydrochloric acid, the final solution would contain ammonium chloride and ethanoic acid.
CH3CONH2+H2O+HCl → CH3COOH + NH4+Cl−
Hydrolysis under alkaline conditions
Also, if ethanamide is heated with sodium hydroxide solution, ammonia gas is given off and you are left with a solution containing sodium ethanoate.
CH3CONH2+NaOH →CH3COONa+NH3
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