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المرجع الالكتروني للمعلوماتية

Grammar

Tenses

Present

Present Simple

Present Continuous

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous

Past

Past Simple

Past Continuous

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous

Future

Future Simple

Future Continuous

Future Perfect

Future Perfect Continuous

Parts Of Speech

Nouns

Countable and uncountable nouns

Verbal nouns

Singular and Plural nouns

Proper nouns

Nouns gender

Nouns definition

Concrete nouns

Abstract nouns

Common nouns

Collective nouns

Definition Of Nouns

Animate and Inanimate nouns

Nouns

Verbs

Stative and dynamic verbs

Finite and nonfinite verbs

To be verbs

Transitive and intransitive verbs

Auxiliary verbs

Modal verbs

Regular and irregular verbs

Action verbs

Verbs

Adverbs

Relative adverbs

Interrogative adverbs

Adverbs of time

Adverbs of place

Adverbs of reason

Adverbs of quantity

Adverbs of manner

Adverbs of frequency

Adverbs of affirmation

Adverbs

Adjectives

Quantitative adjective

Proper adjective

Possessive adjective

Numeral adjective

Interrogative adjective

Distributive adjective

Descriptive adjective

Demonstrative adjective

Pronouns

Subject pronoun

Relative pronoun

Reflexive pronoun

Reciprocal pronoun

Possessive pronoun

Personal pronoun

Interrogative pronoun

Indefinite pronoun

Emphatic pronoun

Distributive pronoun

Demonstrative pronoun

Pronouns

Pre Position

Preposition by function

Time preposition

Reason preposition

Possession preposition

Place preposition

Phrases preposition

Origin preposition

Measure preposition

Direction preposition

Contrast preposition

Agent preposition

Preposition by construction

Simple preposition

Phrase preposition

Double preposition

Compound preposition

prepositions

Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunction

Correlative conjunction

Coordinating conjunction

Conjunctive adverbs

conjunctions

Interjections

Express calling interjection

Phrases

Sentences

Clauses

Part of Speech

Grammar Rules

Passive and Active

Preference

Requests and offers

wishes

Be used to

Some and any

Could have done

Describing people

Giving advices

Possession

Comparative and superlative

Giving Reason

Making Suggestions

Apologizing

Forming questions

Since and for

Directions

Obligation

Adverbials

invitation

Articles

Imaginary condition

Zero conditional

First conditional

Second conditional

Third conditional

Reported speech

Demonstratives

Determiners

Direct and Indirect speech

Linguistics

Phonetics

Phonology

Linguistics fields

Syntax

Morphology

Semantics

pragmatics

History

Writing

Grammar

Phonetics and Phonology

Semiotics

Reading Comprehension

Elementary

Intermediate

Advanced

Teaching Methods

Teaching Strategies

Assessment

قم بتسجيل الدخول اولاً لكي يتسنى لك الاعجاب والتعليق.

Suprasegmentals

المؤلف:  Ian G. Malcolm

المصدر:  A Handbook Of Varieties Of English Phonology

الجزء والصفحة:  666-37

2024-04-25

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Suprasegmentals

Generally, the stress patterns of Aboriginal English are comparable to those of Australian English, except for the tendency (observed also in Kriol) to stress initial syllables, resulting in pronunciations like /'kæŋgru/ ‘kangaroo’ and /'tibi/  ‘TV’. Some Western Desert languages tend towards syllable timing, which reflects on the stress patterns of Aboriginal English speakers in these areas.

 

As in Australian creoles, the intonation patterns are generally compatible with those of Australian English, but the expression of prolonged or repeated action (as in Kriol) is accompanied by a rise in pitch and the repetition or lengthening of the vowel in the relevant word, as in

 

A rise of pitch and a slowing down of pace may occur wherever emphasis is being sought, as in, as in bi-i-iggest shark ‘very big shark’ (Eagleson, Kaldor and Malcolm 1982: 88) or We bin go wi-i-i-ight aroun ebrywhere ‘We went all around’. The high final level intonation of Aboriginal English, as in

enhances narrative effect. Unlike the high rise terminal of Australian English, it is level, not rising, and does not function as an attention holding device.

 

A number of scholars (Sharpe 1976: 5; Alexander 1968) have commented on the relatively high speed of Queensland Aboriginal English, particularly among children. Sharpe (1976: 5) suggests that, in this regard, Queensland Aboriginal children’s speech may contrast with that of their Alice Springs counterparts.

 

Aboriginal English vocal quality can vary distinctly from that of Australian English. Sharpe (1976: 4) has observed the huskiness of the pronunciation of Aboriginal children in Alice Springs at low volume, which contrasts with its penetrating quality at high volume and has attributed this to “feudalization, or tightening of the faucal pillars at the back of the mouth.”

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