0
EN
1
المرجع الالكتروني للمعلوماتية

Grammar

Tenses

Present

Present Simple

Present Continuous

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous

Past

Past Simple

Past Continuous

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous

Future

Future Simple

Future Continuous

Future Perfect

Future Perfect Continuous

Parts Of Speech

Nouns

Countable and uncountable nouns

Verbal nouns

Singular and Plural nouns

Proper nouns

Nouns gender

Nouns definition

Concrete nouns

Abstract nouns

Common nouns

Collective nouns

Definition Of Nouns

Animate and Inanimate nouns

Nouns

Verbs

Stative and dynamic verbs

Finite and nonfinite verbs

To be verbs

Transitive and intransitive verbs

Auxiliary verbs

Modal verbs

Regular and irregular verbs

Action verbs

Verbs

Adverbs

Relative adverbs

Interrogative adverbs

Adverbs of time

Adverbs of place

Adverbs of reason

Adverbs of quantity

Adverbs of manner

Adverbs of frequency

Adverbs of affirmation

Adverbs

Adjectives

Quantitative adjective

Proper adjective

Possessive adjective

Numeral adjective

Interrogative adjective

Distributive adjective

Descriptive adjective

Demonstrative adjective

Pronouns

Subject pronoun

Relative pronoun

Reflexive pronoun

Reciprocal pronoun

Possessive pronoun

Personal pronoun

Interrogative pronoun

Indefinite pronoun

Emphatic pronoun

Distributive pronoun

Demonstrative pronoun

Pronouns

Pre Position

Preposition by function

Time preposition

Reason preposition

Possession preposition

Place preposition

Phrases preposition

Origin preposition

Measure preposition

Direction preposition

Contrast preposition

Agent preposition

Preposition by construction

Simple preposition

Phrase preposition

Double preposition

Compound preposition

prepositions

Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunction

Correlative conjunction

Coordinating conjunction

Conjunctive adverbs

conjunctions

Interjections

Express calling interjection

Phrases

Sentences

Clauses

Part of Speech

Grammar Rules

Passive and Active

Preference

Requests and offers

wishes

Be used to

Some and any

Could have done

Describing people

Giving advices

Possession

Comparative and superlative

Giving Reason

Making Suggestions

Apologizing

Forming questions

Since and for

Directions

Obligation

Adverbials

invitation

Articles

Imaginary condition

Zero conditional

First conditional

Second conditional

Third conditional

Reported speech

Demonstratives

Determiners

Direct and Indirect speech

Linguistics

Phonetics

Phonology

Linguistics fields

Syntax

Morphology

Semantics

pragmatics

History

Writing

Grammar

Phonetics and Phonology

Semiotics

Reading Comprehension

Elementary

Intermediate

Advanced

Teaching Methods

Teaching Strategies

Assessment

قم بتسجيل الدخول اولاً لكي يتسنى لك الاعجاب والتعليق.

The creoles of Trinidad and Tobago: phonology Conclusions

المؤلف:  Valerie Youssef and Winford James

المصدر:  A Handbook Of Varieties Of English Phonology

الجزء والصفحة:  522-30

2024-04-13

1543

+

-

20

The creoles of Trinidad and Tobago: phonology Conclusions

Separate recordings are included for both Trinidadian and Tobagonian to highlight their most characteristic similarities and differences, which, as illustrated, mainly in basilectal features which distinguish Tobagonian from Trinidadian speech overall. As travel between the two islands becomes increasingly frequent, and as young people in particular look to Trinidad for employment and advancement, the differences may slowly break down at every level. The mesolect is becoming increasingly widespread in usage right across the twin-island territory.

 

Thus far language change is indicated. But there remains a distinct nationalism rooted in Tobago, as well as an essentially rural lifestyle, which ensures the continued vitality of the basilectal variety. As noted earlier, Youssef (2001), in a small-scale study in the village of Bethel, indicates that there remains a common level of basilectal usage for both old and young at home, but that the young favour the mesolect over the acrolect as a badge of modern identity in the wider world. The continuing use of the basilect as a home variety, and the relative weight of the mesolect in wider contexts, suggests that the continuous change from basilect to acrolect, considered to characterize a continuum situation, is not going through and that the situation may become relatively stable, with each variety having its own contexts for usage in the society at large.

لا توجد تعليقات بعد

ما رأيك بالمقال : كن أول من يعلق على هذا المحتوى

اخر الاخبار

اشترك بقناتنا على التلجرام ليصلك كل ما هو جديد