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المرجع الالكتروني للمعلوماتية

Grammar

Tenses

Present

Present Simple

Present Continuous

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous

Past

Past Simple

Past Continuous

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous

Future

Future Simple

Future Continuous

Future Perfect

Future Perfect Continuous

Parts Of Speech

Nouns

Countable and uncountable nouns

Verbal nouns

Singular and Plural nouns

Proper nouns

Nouns gender

Nouns definition

Concrete nouns

Abstract nouns

Common nouns

Collective nouns

Definition Of Nouns

Animate and Inanimate nouns

Nouns

Verbs

Stative and dynamic verbs

Finite and nonfinite verbs

To be verbs

Transitive and intransitive verbs

Auxiliary verbs

Modal verbs

Regular and irregular verbs

Action verbs

Verbs

Adverbs

Relative adverbs

Interrogative adverbs

Adverbs of time

Adverbs of place

Adverbs of reason

Adverbs of quantity

Adverbs of manner

Adverbs of frequency

Adverbs of affirmation

Adverbs

Adjectives

Quantitative adjective

Proper adjective

Possessive adjective

Numeral adjective

Interrogative adjective

Distributive adjective

Descriptive adjective

Demonstrative adjective

Pronouns

Subject pronoun

Relative pronoun

Reflexive pronoun

Reciprocal pronoun

Possessive pronoun

Personal pronoun

Interrogative pronoun

Indefinite pronoun

Emphatic pronoun

Distributive pronoun

Demonstrative pronoun

Pronouns

Pre Position

Preposition by function

Time preposition

Reason preposition

Possession preposition

Place preposition

Phrases preposition

Origin preposition

Measure preposition

Direction preposition

Contrast preposition

Agent preposition

Preposition by construction

Simple preposition

Phrase preposition

Double preposition

Compound preposition

prepositions

Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunction

Correlative conjunction

Coordinating conjunction

Conjunctive adverbs

conjunctions

Interjections

Express calling interjection

Phrases

Sentences

Clauses

Part of Speech

Grammar Rules

Passive and Active

Preference

Requests and offers

wishes

Be used to

Some and any

Could have done

Describing people

Giving advices

Possession

Comparative and superlative

Giving Reason

Making Suggestions

Apologizing

Forming questions

Since and for

Directions

Obligation

Adverbials

invitation

Articles

Imaginary condition

Zero conditional

First conditional

Second conditional

Third conditional

Reported speech

Demonstratives

Determiners

Direct and Indirect speech

Linguistics

Phonetics

Phonology

Linguistics fields

Syntax

Morphology

Semantics

pragmatics

History

Writing

Grammar

Phonetics and Phonology

Semiotics

Reading Comprehension

Elementary

Intermediate

Advanced

Teaching Methods

Teaching Strategies

Assessment

قم بتسجيل الدخول اولاً لكي يتسنى لك الاعجاب والتعليق.

Research background

المؤلف:  Renée Blake

المصدر:  A Handbook Of Varieties Of English Phonology

الجزء والصفحة:  502-29

2024-04-12

1447

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Research background

Researchers have almost exclusively examined the morphosyntactic structure of Bajan in their quest to discover the linguistic origins of the language. Since the 1980s, linguistic research on the Bajan language has focused on the extent to which the language was influenced by the provincial dialects of England and the West African languages spoken by the slave populations. Debates ensued regarding the genesis of Bajan in terms of whether it should be considered a dialect of English or a Creole (similar to other Caribbean Creoles) with linguistic links to West Africa (cf. Hancock 1980; Cassidy 1986; Fields 1995; Rickford and Handler 1994). In the end, historical and synchronic studies of its grammatical structure suggest that Bajan has shown a wide range of linguistic variation throughout its history, with great co-occurrence of features attributable to superstrate (British dialects spoken in Ireland and southwest England), as well as substrate (African) influences (cf. Winford 2000).

 

The work of Fields (1995) reveals linguistic residues (e.g., invariant word order for questions, absence of number distinction in nouns, invariant pronoun usage) of a pidgin stage for Bajan that appears at least since the 18th century. Fields argues that the social history and demographics of Barbados in the 18th century provided an environment conducive to the formation of a creole from an earlier formed pidgin. Firstly, there was a dominant white planter group and a subordinate slave group with little social interaction between the two. Secondly, there was a period in which blacks vastly outnumbered whites. And thirdly, there was at some point a steady influx of new African slaves onto the island. Due to its extensive contact with English, Bajan has decreolized. One may argue that the language has decreolized to the extent that the range between its most creolized forms and Standard English is the smallest for the Anglophone Creoles spoken in the Caribbean.

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