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المرجع الالكتروني للمعلوماتية

Grammar

Tenses

Present

Present Simple

Present Continuous

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous

Past

Past Simple

Past Continuous

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous

Future

Future Simple

Future Continuous

Future Perfect

Future Perfect Continuous

Parts Of Speech

Nouns

Countable and uncountable nouns

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Singular and Plural nouns

Proper nouns

Nouns gender

Nouns definition

Concrete nouns

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Common nouns

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Definition Of Nouns

Animate and Inanimate nouns

Nouns

Verbs

Stative and dynamic verbs

Finite and nonfinite verbs

To be verbs

Transitive and intransitive verbs

Auxiliary verbs

Modal verbs

Regular and irregular verbs

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Verbs

Adverbs

Relative adverbs

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Adverbs of time

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Adverbs

Adjectives

Quantitative adjective

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Pronouns

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Pronouns

Pre Position

Preposition by function

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Reason preposition

Possession preposition

Place preposition

Phrases preposition

Origin preposition

Measure preposition

Direction preposition

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Agent preposition

Preposition by construction

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Double preposition

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prepositions

Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunction

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conjunctions

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Express calling interjection

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Sentences

Clauses

Part of Speech

Grammar Rules

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Preference

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wishes

Be used to

Some and any

Could have done

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Possession

Comparative and superlative

Giving Reason

Making Suggestions

Apologizing

Forming questions

Since and for

Directions

Obligation

Adverbials

invitation

Articles

Imaginary condition

Zero conditional

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Second conditional

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Linguistics

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قم بتسجيل الدخول اولاً لكي يتسنى لك الاعجاب والتعليق.

Constraints on the onset: /j/ and /w/

المؤلف:  Hubert Devonish and Otelemate G. Harry

المصدر:  A Handbook Of Varieties Of English Phonology

الجزء والصفحة:  475-27

2024-04-06

1512

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Constraints on the onset: /j/ and /w/

The ambiguity in JamC in assigning [t] and [d] to either /tj/ and /dj/ or /t/ and /d/ manifests itself in the process of conversion into JamE. For some JamE speakers but not others, phonetic [tj] and [dj] clusters occur. For some of these speakers, these phonetic forms are the only ones allowed in certain environments. They also occur for such speakers in [tjuu] ‘chew’ and [djunjo] ‘junior’. Such speakers, in these environments, have [tj] and [dj] allophones for the phonemes, /t/ and /d/. A second group would employ [tj] and [dj] respectively in items such as [tjuuzde] ‘Tuesday’ and [djuu] ‘dew’ whilst using the phones [t] and [d] for [tuu] ‘chew’ and [dunjo] ‘junior’. Here, the [tj] and [dj] represent syllable initial phoneme sequences, /tj/ and /dj/ which contrast with [t] and [d] as phonetic manifestations of /tj/ and /dj/. Finally, there are speakers for whom [tj] and [dj] are not employed and for whom, in both sets of items, the only forms possible are [t] and [d]. The JamE system of such speakers is like that of JamC.

 

In the case of /w/ in the onset, /pw/ and /bw/ vary with /p/ and /b/ in ‘oi’ and ‘oy’ words, e.g. /spwɔil/ ~ /spɔil/ ‘spoil’, /bwɔi/ ~ /bɔi/  ‘boy’. Even though the /pw/ and /bw/ clusters represent a carry-over from a JamC representation, the feature which is taken to diagnose use of JamE rather than JamC is /ɔi/. In this context, the JamC type /w/ occurs as a relatively unnoticed and redundant variant feature.

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