المرجع الالكتروني للمعلوماتية
المرجع الألكتروني للمعلوماتية

English Language
عدد المواضيع في هذا القسم 6151 موضوعاً
Grammar
Linguistics
Reading Comprehension

Untitled Document
أبحث عن شيء أخر المرجع الالكتروني للمعلوماتية
أنـواع اتـجاهـات المـستهـلك
2024-11-28
المحرر العلمي
2024-11-28
المحرر في الصحافة المتخصصة
2024-11-28
مـراحل تكويـن اتجاهات المـستهـلك
2024-11-28
عوامـل تكويـن اتـجاهات المـستهـلك
2024-11-28
وسـائـل قـيـاس اتـجاهـات المستهلـك
2024-11-28

كلام في كلمة (الله)
24-11-2014
اجلونيما Aglaonema sp.
21-12-2020
ابرز ملوك الساسانيين
17-10-2016
صيغ الاسم المجرد والمزيد
23-02-2015
طول موجة "دي بروي" de Broglie wavelength
27-7-2018
تأثير تقنية المعلومات على تخطيط مدن المستقبل- خصائص تقنية نظم المعلومات الجغرافية
5-1-2023

Syntactic changes  
  
604   10:05 صباحاً   date: 5-3-2022
Author : George Yule
Book or Source : The study of language
Page and Part : 232-17


Read More
Date: 4-3-2022 483
Date: 2024-09-06 153
Date: 5-3-2022 655

Syntactic changes

Some noticeable differences between the structure of sentences in Old and Modern English involve word order. In Old English texts, we find the Subject-Verb-Object order most common in Modern English, but we can also find a number of different orders that are no longer used. For example, the subject could follow the verb, as in ferde he (“he traveled”), and the object could be placed before the verb, as in he hine geseah (“he saw him”), or at the beginning of the sentence, as in him man ne sealde (“no man gave [any] to him”).

In the last example, the use of the negative also differs from Modern English, since the sequence *not gave (ne sealde) is no longer grammatical. A “double negative” construction was also possible, as in the following example, where both ne (“not”) and næfre (“never”) are used with the same verb. We would now say You never gave rather than *You not gave never.

However, the most sweeping change in the form of English sentences was the loss of a large number of inflectional suffixes from many parts of speech. Notice that, in the previous examples, the forms sealde (“he gave”) and sealdest (“you gave”) are differentiated by inflectional suffixes (-e, -est) that are no longer used in Modern English.

Nouns, adjectives, articles and pronouns all had different inflectional forms according to their grammatical function in the sentence.