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Grammar

Tenses

Present

Present Simple

Present Continuous

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous

Past

Past Simple

Past Continuous

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous

Future

Future Simple

Future Continuous

Future Perfect

Future Perfect Continuous

Parts Of Speech

Nouns

Countable and uncountable nouns

Verbal nouns

Singular and Plural nouns

Proper nouns

Nouns gender

Nouns definition

Concrete nouns

Abstract nouns

Common nouns

Collective nouns

Definition Of Nouns

Animate and Inanimate nouns

Nouns

Verbs

Stative and dynamic verbs

Finite and nonfinite verbs

To be verbs

Transitive and intransitive verbs

Auxiliary verbs

Modal verbs

Regular and irregular verbs

Action verbs

Verbs

Adverbs

Relative adverbs

Interrogative adverbs

Adverbs of time

Adverbs of place

Adverbs of reason

Adverbs of quantity

Adverbs of manner

Adverbs of frequency

Adverbs of affirmation

Adverbs

Adjectives

Quantitative adjective

Proper adjective

Possessive adjective

Numeral adjective

Interrogative adjective

Distributive adjective

Descriptive adjective

Demonstrative adjective

Pronouns

Subject pronoun

Relative pronoun

Reflexive pronoun

Reciprocal pronoun

Possessive pronoun

Personal pronoun

Interrogative pronoun

Indefinite pronoun

Emphatic pronoun

Distributive pronoun

Demonstrative pronoun

Pronouns

Pre Position

Preposition by function

Time preposition

Reason preposition

Possession preposition

Place preposition

Phrases preposition

Origin preposition

Measure preposition

Direction preposition

Contrast preposition

Agent preposition

Preposition by construction

Simple preposition

Phrase preposition

Double preposition

Compound preposition

prepositions

Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunction

Correlative conjunction

Coordinating conjunction

Conjunctive adverbs

conjunctions

Interjections

Express calling interjection

Phrases

Sentences

Clauses

Part of Speech

Grammar Rules

Passive and Active

Preference

Requests and offers

wishes

Be used to

Some and any

Could have done

Describing people

Giving advices

Possession

Comparative and superlative

Giving Reason

Making Suggestions

Apologizing

Forming questions

Since and for

Directions

Obligation

Adverbials

invitation

Articles

Imaginary condition

Zero conditional

First conditional

Second conditional

Third conditional

Reported speech

Demonstratives

Determiners

Direct and Indirect speech

Linguistics

Phonetics

Phonology

Linguistics fields

Syntax

Morphology

Semantics

pragmatics

History

Writing

Grammar

Phonetics and Phonology

Semiotics

Applied Linguistics

Reading Comprehension

Elementary

Intermediate

Advanced

Teaching Methods

Teaching Strategies

Assessment

قم بتسجيل الدخول اولاً لكي يتسنى لك الاعجاب والتعليق.

The Impact on Teachers of Language Variation as a Course Component RESULTS Language Variation versus Language Planning

المؤلف:  Corony Edwards & Charles Owen

المصدر:  Applied Linguistics and Language Teacher Education

الجزء والصفحة:  P51-C3

2026-08-12

27

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The Impact on Teachers of Language Variation as a Course Component

RESULTS  

Language Variation versus Language Planning

The final part of the questionnaire focused on the sub-components of sociolinguistics, half of which could be classified as ‘language variation’ topics and half as ‘language planning’.

 

 

On being asked which of the two main areas – language variation or language planning respondents had found most useful, the group was relatively evenly divided (see fig. 4 in Views of Language Variation and Language Planning Topics).

 

The reasons the language variation supporters gave for their choice fall into four main groups: (1) Application or relevance to teaching, for example ‘Knowledge of language variation can influence decisions I make in the classroom-syllabus, answers I give to student questions’; (2) Personal interest, e.g. ‘Language variation is interesting for both teaching and learning’; (3) Knowledge improvement, e.g. ‘Provided insights into the English language that I had never thought about directly - but after they were highlighted- it opened my eyes (!!) about other areas/topics of languages’ and (4) Deficit views of language planning, e.g. ‘Language planning is too broad a topic to handle in a practical situation’. It is curious that relevance to work is mentioned by as many as fifteen people as being a positive aspect of either language variation or language planning when previously this feature had arisen as being problematic in sociolinguistics.

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