Grammar
Tenses
Present
Present Simple
Present Continuous
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous
Past
Past Simple
Past Continuous
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous
Future
Future Simple
Future Continuous
Future Perfect
Future Perfect Continuous
Parts Of Speech
Nouns
Countable and uncountable nouns
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Singular and Plural nouns
Proper nouns
Nouns gender
Nouns definition
Concrete nouns
Abstract nouns
Common nouns
Collective nouns
Definition Of Nouns
Animate and Inanimate nouns
Nouns
Verbs
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Verbs
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Interrogative adverbs
Adverbs of time
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Adverbs of manner
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Adverbs of affirmation
Adverbs
Adjectives
Quantitative adjective
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Numeral adjective
Interrogative adjective
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Descriptive adjective
Demonstrative adjective
Pronouns
Subject pronoun
Relative pronoun
Reflexive pronoun
Reciprocal pronoun
Possessive pronoun
Personal pronoun
Interrogative pronoun
Indefinite pronoun
Emphatic pronoun
Distributive pronoun
Demonstrative pronoun
Pronouns
Pre Position
Preposition by function
Time preposition
Reason preposition
Possession preposition
Place preposition
Phrases preposition
Origin preposition
Measure preposition
Direction preposition
Contrast preposition
Agent preposition
Preposition by construction
Simple preposition
Phrase preposition
Double preposition
Compound preposition
prepositions
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Correlative conjunction
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conjunctions
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Express calling interjection
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Sentences
Clauses
Part of Speech
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Preference
Requests and offers
wishes
Be used to
Some and any
Could have done
Describing people
Giving advices
Possession
Comparative and superlative
Giving Reason
Making Suggestions
Apologizing
Forming questions
Since and for
Directions
Obligation
Adverbials
invitation
Articles
Imaginary condition
Zero conditional
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Third conditional
Reported speech
Demonstratives
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Linguistics
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History
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Phonetics and Phonology
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Assessment
Integration
المؤلف:
Bernd Heine and Tania Kuteva
المصدر:
The Genesis of Grammar
الجزء والصفحة:
P224-C5
2026-03-14
42
+
-
20
Integration
Expansion is a ubiquitous mechanism, but it appears to be crosslinguistically less widespread than integration, whereby two independent sentences, or events, are conflated into one sentence and one of the two turns into a subordinate clause of the other—in accordance with (2b), reprinted here as (17a). We follow Givo̒n (2006) in assuming that the integration of two events tends to entail in particular the features listed in (17b).
(17) Integration
a. S1 + S2 > S1[S2]
b. Features commonly found in event integration
(i) Referential integration: The sharing of referents between the two events.
(ii) Temporal integration: Simultaneity or direct temporal adjacency of the two events.
(iii) Spatial integration: The sharing of the same location between the two events.
(iv) Phonological integration: There tends to be only one intonation contour for the integrated sentence.
Unlike the detailed account of Givo̒n, the present section is restricted to integration as it manifests itself in relative clauses, complement clauses, and adverbial clauses.
الاكثر قراءة في Linguistics fields
اخر الاخبار
اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة
الآخبار الصحية
مواضيع ذات صلة
قسم الشؤون الفكرية يصدر كتاباً يوثق تاريخ السدانة في العتبة العباسية المقدسة
"المهمة".. إصدار قصصي يوثّق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة فتوى الدفاع المقدسة للقصة القصيرة
(نوافذ).. إصدار أدبي يوثق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة الإمام العسكري (عليه السلام)
