Grammar
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Past
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Future
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Pre Position
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Reason preposition
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Place preposition
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invitation
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Force-dynamics
المؤلف:
Vyvyan Evans and Melanie Green
المصدر:
Cognitive Linguistics an Introduction
الجزء والصفحة:
C15-P544
2026-02-15
26
+
-
20
Force-dynamics
Recall from section 15.2.7 that the term ‘force-dynamics’ relates to our experience of motion energy. This experience gives rise to the knowledge that while some entities have an inherent capacity for energy, other entities only receive energy from external entities. In Langacker’s model, the ‘prototypical action’ is characterised in terms of the transfer of energy from AGENT to PATIENT resulting in a change of state of the PATIENT.As we noted above, this is called the action chain model, and is illustrated in Figure 15.17, where A represents AGENT and P represents PATIENT.
We have already seen examples in the previous section of how this action chain model is manifested linguistically in our discussion of profiling and the TR-LM asymmetry. Langacker argues that the unmarked status of the active transitive sentence with third-person participants arises from the fact that it represents the prototypical action from a canonical viewpoint perspective. As we have seen, Langacker also argues that the grammatical notions of subject and object have their basis in this prototypical action chain model. The prototypical subject (TR) is the volitional ‘energy source’, and the prototypical object (LM) is the passive ‘energy sink’. We also saw that the TR-LM reversal effected by the passive construction could be modelled in terms of a shift of attention from AGENT to PATIENT within the action chain model. We return to these issues in greater detail in Chapters 17 and 18, observing for the time being that grammatical features like voice and person, together with the grammatical functions subject and object, receive an experientially based semantic account within Langacker’s theory of Cognitive Grammar.
الاكثر قراءة في Linguistics fields
اخر الاخبار
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(نوافذ).. إصدار أدبي يوثق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة الإمام العسكري (عليه السلام)
