Type of test : Microscopic examination

 Normal findings

 Absent genetic mutations

 Test explanation and related physiology

Treatment for lung cancer has been empiric and based on histology of the tumor (i.e., adenocarcinoma, squamous, small cell). Subsets of non–small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) can be further defined at the molecular level by the presence of mutations that may occur in oncogenes (e.g., AKT1, ALK, BRAF, EGFR, HER2, KRAS, MEK1, MET, NRAS, PIK3CA, RET, and ROS1). Mutations in these oncogenes lead to activation of signaling proteins that induce and sustain tumor growth and therapy resistance. These mutations are not commonly found concurrently in the same tumor. Mutations can be found in all NSCLC histologies (including adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma [SCC], and large cell carcinoma) and in smokers and nonsmokers, alike.

Importantly, targeted drugs are currently available and still more are being developed that can inhibit the tumor development of these proteins and thereby inhibit tumor growth. Most significantly, the therapeutic importance of genes that encode pharmacologically targetable tyrosine kinases involved in growth factor receptor signaling, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) has changed the way these cancers are diagnosed and treated. At present, expert panels of oncologists and laboratory pathologists are attempting to develop consensus on the proper use of these tests in the treatment of local and metastatic lung cancer. Their use must take into account their cost of testing. Furthermore, it is important to recognize that these molecular tests do not only apply to lung cancer but may be applicable to many other epithelial cancers e.g., breast, gastrointestinal, and neuroendocrine.

Procedure and patient care

 Before

* Explain the significance of the diagnostic data available.

* Explain the benefits of molecular testing in helping the physician and the patient make appropriate decisions regarding the use of surgery.

• Provide the patient with emotional support through the diagnostic period.

• Ensure that the patient’s insurance will cover this expensive testing.

 During

• The pathologists will send a fresh or paraffin-embedded tumor specimen to a centralized laboratory.

 • Results will be available in about 2 weeks.

 After

* Provide education and support to patients as they evaluate their results.

Abnormal findings

- Known mutation of respective gene.

اخر الاخبار

اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة

قسم صناعة الشبابيك يستعرض أعماله للمشاركين في البرنامج المركزي الأسبوعي

جامعة الكفيل تنظم حملة للتبرع بالدم للأطفال المصابين بالثلاسيميا والأورام السرطانية

قسم الشؤون الفكرية يصدر العدد 55 من مجلة العميد المحكمة

المجمع العلمي يجري اختبار القبول للمتقدمين إلى دورة ربيع القرآن في كربلاء

المزيد

الآخبار الصحية

كنز غذائي على طبقك.. ماذا تفعل السبانخ بجسمك؟

ما لا يتوقعه أحد.. "سر غذائي" في الجبن الدسم

لتحسين الهضم والنوم.. هذا أفضل وقت لتناول العشاء

10 طرق بسيطة وغير مألوفة لحرق المزيد من السعرات يوميا

المزيد

الآخبار التكنلوجية

سابقة بعالم الطيران.. طائرة تقرر الهبوط بنفسها بعد ظرف طارئ

"الإنفلونزا الخارقة" تكتسح دول العالم.. وتثير قلقا كبيرا

مرحلة ما قبل الأعراض.. دواء جديد يستهدف "شرارة" الزهايمر

إزالة ثاني أكسيد الكربون من الغلاف الجوي.. ما دور المحيطات والبحار؟

المزيد

مواضيع ذات صلة

marijuana (THC) test (Cannabinoid or cannabis testing, Tetrahydrocannabinol [THC] testing)

kidney stone analysis (Urinary stone analysis, Renal calculus analysis)

Variability and Standardization of CSF Examination

Lab Diagnosis of Yellow fever

hexosaminidase (Hexosaminidase A, Hex A, Total hexosaminidase, Hexosaminidase A and B)

hemoglobin electrophoresis (Hgb electrophoresis)

growth hormone stimulation test (GH provocation test, Insulin tolerance test [ITT], Arginine test, Glucagon Stimulation test)

Markers of Bone Resorption: Amino and Carboxy-Terminal Telopeptides of Collagen Type I

Markers of Bone Resorption: Collagen Cross-Links

Bone Formation Markers : Osteocalcin

Diagnosis of Prion Disease

gallium scan