Type of test Urine

Normal findings

 All urinary stones are pathologic.

Test explanation and related physiology

 Kidney stone analysis is performed to identify the chemical composition of a kidney stone. This can guide treatment and help prevent more stones from forming. Eighty percent of patients with kidney stones have a history of recurrent stone formation. The composition of stones may vary from a simple crystal to a complex mixture containing several different species of crystals. Treatment can be done by altering urine pH and by adjusting dietary intake of fluids, electrolytes, and protein.

Analysis is done on a kidney stone that has been passed in the urine or removed from the urinary tract during surgery. Analysis includes an evaluation of the stone size, shape, color, and weight.

In general, the following patterns are often treated as follows:

 • Hyperuricuria and predominately uric acid stones are treated by alkalinizing the urine to increase uric acid solubility.

• Hypercalciuria and predominately hydroxyapatite stones are treated by acidifying the urine to increase calcium solubility.

• Hyperoxaluria and calcium oxalate stones are treated by increasing daily fluid intake and by possibly reducing daily calcium intake. This type of stone represents 80% of kidney stones found.

• Magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) stones are caused by infection and are prevented by treatment of the urinary tract infection.

• Cystine stones are rare and caused by hereditary cystinuria. They are treated by increasing fluid intake, by restricting sodium and protein intake, and by alkalinizing the urine.

Interfering factors

• Tape used to attach a stone to paper may affect the ability to accurately identify the composition of the stone.

Procedure and patient care

Before

* Explain the procedure to the patient.

* Tell the patient that a stone could look like a grain of sand or a small piece of gravel.

* Explain that there are no dietary restrictions for this test.

* Provide and explain the use of the urine strainer.

 During

* Instruct the patient to urinate all urine into the strainer provided.

* If a stone is found, tell the patient to allow it to air dry at room temperature for 24 hours on a tissue or towel before placing it into a clean, dry container.

After

 • Transport the specimen to the laboratory promptly.

* Encourage fluids.

* Report signs of a urinary track infection.

Abnormal findings

- Kidney stones

اخر الاخبار

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المجمع العلمي يجري اختبار القبول للمتقدمين إلى دورة ربيع القرآن في كربلاء

المزيد

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المزيد

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