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PARALINGUISTIC FEATURES2
المؤلف:
John Field
المصدر:
Psycholinguistics
الجزء والصفحة:
P199
2025-09-23
21
PARALINGUISTIC FEATURES2
Features such as facial expression, gesture and gaze which contribute to communication but are not specifically linguistic. There is interest in establishing the extent to which, in conversation, these features support or supplement information in the signal. Also relevant is the extent to which they form such an intrinsic part of speaking that a speaker continues to employ them even when (say) talking on a mobile phone.
Certain of these features, such as laughter, are universal; but some (for example, nodding the head in affirmation) are culturally determined.
Some specialists in communication studies reserve the term ‘paralinguistic’ for hesitation markers, involuntary sounds (yawning and laughing) and pausing. They use the term ‘kinesic’ for movements of the face and body, while factors such as the physical distance between interlocutors are referred to as ‘standing features’.
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