Does memory decline with age? Mental abilities in general, including memory, are of course not the same for the young and the elderly. Studies have found that these abilities are at their peak between the ages of 18 and 25. However, in reality, they do not decline significantly after that. It has been found that we only lose about 5–10% of our mental capacity with aging or over the course of life. This means that each of us, whether young or old, still possesses rich mental capabilities. But why then do many elderly people find it difficult to remember things?
In truth, the difficulty is not as great as we think. Rather, there is a difference in the motivation or desire to remember between a young person and an elderly one. The young person leads an active and constantly changing life that stimulates memory, while the elderly person usually lives a more routine life, which does not support memory recall. In addition, the elderly have lived longer lives, filled with more events, experiences, and relationships than the young, so it is natural that they may forget some things.
Studies have shown that elderly people who lead active and dynamic lives—those who continue to work or engage in enjoyable activities or hobbies—are able to learn and remember new information just like young people.
In Western countries, especially in the United Kingdom, many seniors have enrolled in open universities after retiring from work, with an average age of around 65 years. They have been able to regain their ability to learn and remember, and even compete with the young!
Participation, engagement, and continued activity and renewal are essential for organizing brain function and maintaining the ability to remember and recall new information. On the other hand, routine, monotony, or learning things without thinking about or interacting with them causes us to forget—even if we are young.
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