Grammar
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dummy (adj./n.)
المؤلف:
David Crystal
المصدر:
A dictionary of linguistics and phonetics
الجزء والصفحة:
158-4
2023-08-17
978
+
-
20
dummy (adj./n.)
A term used in LINGUISTICS to refer to a FORMAL GRAMMATICAL ELEMENT introduced into a STRUCTURE or an analysis to ensure that a grammatical SENTENCE is produced. Apart from their formal role, dummy elements have no meaning – they are SEMANTICALLY empty, e.g. there in there were many people at the club, it in it’s raining. When this element acts as a locus for grammatical CONTRASTS, it is referred to as a dummy carrier, e.g. do in QUESTION forms is a dummy auxiliary, which carries the TENSE/NUMBER contrast for the VERB PHRASE (do/did you know, do/does he know). Notions involving ZERO (e.g. ‘zero morpheme’) could also be considered types of dummy. In TRANSFORMATIONAL GRAMMAR, dummy symbols are sometimes introduced into the DEEP STRUCTURE of a sentence, to facilitate the DERIVATION of CLASSES of sentence, but they never appear in the sentence’s surface structure, e.g. the various kinds of BOUNDARY SYMBOL, or the DELTA (∆) symbol which acts as a ‘place-holder’ for LEXICAL ITEMS (specified as COMPLEX SYMBOLS). In GOVERNMENT-BINDING THEORY, the term refers to elements in A-position (usually in subject position) with no THETA ROLE; they are also known as ‘expletives’.
الاكثر قراءة في Syntax
اخر الاخبار
اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة
الآخبار الصحية
مواضيع ذات صلة
(نوافذ).. إصدار أدبي يوثق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة الإمام العسكري (عليه السلام)
قسم الشؤون الفكرية يصدر مجموعة قصصية بعنوان (قلوب بلا مأوى)
قسم الشؤون الفكرية يصدر مجموعة قصصية بعنوان (قلوب بلا مأوى)
