Count Buffon (Georges-Louis Leclerc)

French naturalist and philosopher 1707-1788

Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon (Count Buffon), was one of the greatest French naturalists and a key philosopher of the Enlightenment. Born to a wealthy family, Buffon became interested in Newton’s physics be­fore turning to biology.

Buffon’s life’s work was a monumental encyclopedia of all that was known about the natural world, from astronomy to zoology. The first three volumes of his Histoire Naturelle were published in 1749. The work eventu­ally grew to 44 volumes, the last of which was published after his death. Buf­fon’s clear writing gave the encyclopedia a broad audience, and his ideas were widely discussed in the salons of Paris. Buffon’s influence spread to America as well, and he corresponded with the statesmen Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson.

Buffon was one of the first philosophers to grapple with the questions of evolution, both of Earth and of living creatures. At the time, church doc­trine insisted that Earth was only six thousand years old and that each type of creature had been made independently by the Creator. Volume 1 of the Histoire proposed instead that Earth was much older and that the seven days of biblical creation could be understood as seven epochs, each many thou- sands of years long. Buffon was chastised by French authorities and pub­lished a recantation in volume 4.

Elsewhere in the encyclopedia, Buffon recognized the existence of change in species. He proposed that embryos were guided in their devel­opment by an “internal mold,” fueled by “organic molecules,” which re­combine into the form of the developing organism. He thought that a change in the environment might lead to a change in the fuel molecules, and there­fore cause a change in the form of the species. These ideas were advanced for their time, although they were later shown to be incorrect in their par­ticulars. Buffon also proposed, in sharp contrast to his contemporary Car­olus Linnaeus, that species are defined not by simple similarity of appearance but by reproductive fertility over time.

­

References

Magner, Lois E. History of the Life Sciences, 2nd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1994.

Mayr, E. The Growth of Biological Thought. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1982.

اخر الاخبار

اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة

العتبة العباسية المقدسة تواصل تنظيم مجالس العزاء الصباحية بذكرى زيارة عاشوراء

مواكب العزاء تستذكر في التاسع من شهر المحرم شهادة عبدالله الرضيع بن الحسين (عليهما السلام)

العتبة العباسية المقدسة تستذكر تضحيات القاسم بن الحسن (عليهما السلام)

شعبة الحرم الشريف تواصل تنفيذ خطتها الخاصة بشهر المحرّم داخل مرقد أبي الفضل العباس (عليه السلام)

المزيد

الآخبار الصحية

لهذا السبب.. إغلاق 25 مركزًا لعلاج الإدمان في مصر ؟

خلافا للاعتقاد الشائع.. علماء يكشفون أسرار بذور البطيخ ؟!

هذا ما يحدث لجسمك عند تناولك الطماطم بانتظام !

تعرف على أطعمة تسرّع "تعافي الجسم" من حروق الشمس

المزيد

الآخبار التكنلوجية

الثلوج تغطي الصحراء الأكثر جفافا في العالم!

بتلسكوب "ألما".. التقاط صورا غير مسبوقة لبدايات الكون !

هل هاتفك مراقب؟.. 5 علامات خطيرة تكشف التجسس عليك

دبي تطلق أول رحلة تجريبية للتاكسي الجوي

المزيد

مواضيع ذات صلة

Microbial Metabolism: Focal Metabolites and Their Interconversion

Relationship of Biocide Concentration and Time on Antimicrobial Killing

Specific Actions of Selected Biocides

Flow cytometry

البروتوبلازم Protoplasm

غشاء الخلية The cell membrane

مملكة البدائيات (Monera)

كيس الصفار ( المح ) Yolk sac

اقسام البيئة البحرية

بيئة المياه البحرية

المياه الجارية

المياه الساكنة