Primary-A types

. MOTION type. Agent-nom’s are available for most verbs; exceptions being the non-volitionals in MOTION-g (fall, capsize, etc.) and verbs denoting an activity which is scarcely likely to be habitual (approach, cross, pass). There are a few Inst-nom’s—garments associated with MOTION-a verbs (swimmers) and vehicles associated with MOTION-c (transporter, cart).

 

Many verbs have both Unit-nom (run, throw) and Activity-nom (running, throwing). Some have just a Unit-nom (arrival) and some just an Activity-nom (carrying). There are scarcely any Result-nom’s or Object-nom’s (spray and burden are two). There are Locus-nom’s based on some verbs in MOTION-b and MOTION-d.

 

. REST type. Agent-nom’s are largely confined to REST-b (resident, settler), REST-c (arranger, installer) and REST-e (handler, catcher). There are just a few Inst-nom’s, including kneeler, planter, opener and closer.

 

There are a fair number of Unit-nom’s, across all subtypes—attendance, desertion, grab, and so on—but rather few Activity-nom’s—opening, closing (and one often sees signs saying The dumping of rubbish is prohibited). Verbs in REST-c form Result-nom’s which also function as Unit-nom’s (arrangement, installation), and there is plant, an Object-nom. Locus-nom’s are formed from verbs in REST-b/c/d/e.

 

. AFFECT type. Virtually all verbs may form Agent-nom’s (killer, pruner, roofer, destroyer) and many also have an Inst-nom (polisher, freezer, (nut) cracker). There is a set of Inst-nom’s with the same form as the verb. For plaster, grease, roof, veil and butter, the noun is older, having been later extended to function as a verb (but for paint and cover the verb is older).

 

Many AFFECT verbs have a Unit-nom (cut, pinch) and a good many have an Activity-nom (cutting, pinching). Many also have a Result-nom (slice, mark, break, wreckage) or a Result-nom which is also a Unit-nom (extension). There are also some forms which double as Object-nom and as Unit-nom (try) or as Object-nom and Activity-nom (building).

 

. GIVING type. Many have an Agent-nom (donor, lender, receiver, owner); I know of just one Inst-nom ( feeder). There are many nominalizations which function both as Object-nom and Unit-nom (payment, possession, contribution, delivery) and some as Result-nom and Unit-nom (loss). Servery, a place where food or drink is served, is an unusual Locus-nom.

 

. CORPOREAL type. Virtually all verbs have (or could have) an Agent-nom (for example, smoker, drunkard, murderer), and there are a few Inst-nom’s (sleeper, diner). A number of verbs have a nominalization which functions as Object-nom and as Unit-nom (drink, smell, laugh), while others just have an Object-nom (spittle). Some couple Result-nom with Unit-nom (vomit, growth, cure, wound). And there are many Activity-nom’s (sucking, comforting).

 

. WEATHER type. Generally, Activity-nom’s involve the addition of -storm (for example, thunderstorm, hailstorm). There are Result-nom’s snow and rain; for example, It snowed all yesterday and now the snow is thick on the ground.

 

. COMPETITION type. All verbs describe an activity which can be habitual and all form an Agent-nom (even lose, which in normal circumstances is not volitional). Some also have Unit-nom’s (race, fight, win, loss, competition).

 

. SOCIAL CONTRACT type. There are some Agent-nom’s (employer, prosecutor, applicant) and a handful of Object-nom’s (employee, convert), together with many Unit-nom’s (appointment, employment, dismissal).

 

. USING type. All refer to volitional actions, which can be performed habitually, and almost all form Agent-nom’s (for example, user, operator). There are also some Activity-nom’s, such as manipulation, operation, use.

 

. OBEYING type. There are some Agent-nom’s (executor, processor, performer) and also some Unit-nom’s (refusal, performance, processing).

الاكثر قراءة في Semantics

Semantic features

Hierarchies of hyponyms

Hyponymy

Lexical relations

Primary and Secondary verbs

Polysemy

Adverbs with manner but not sentential function

Hyponymy and the has-relation

Antonymy

Semantic roles

Types associated with the Adjective class

Adjective types and derived adverbs

Agent and theme

Words and clitics

Situation types

اخر الاخبار

اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة

قسم الإعلام يشارك في الاجتماع التحضيري لمناقشة الخطة الإعلامية لزيارة عاشوراء

بحضور متوليها الشرعي.. العتبة العباسية المقدسة تواصل إقامة المجالس الحسينية لإحياء شهر المحرم

قسم الشؤون الفكرية يطلق برنامجه التبليغي في أكثر من 20 دولة إفريقية

شعبتا الخطابة النسوية والتوجيه الديني تواصلان إقامة المجالس الحسينية في مرقد أبي الفضل العباس (عليه السلام)

المزيد

الآخبار الصحية

دراسة تكشف علاقة خطيرة بين عمر الأم وصحة مولودها

دراسة تحذر.. اضطراب نوم بسيط قد يسبب الموت المبكر ؟

الاستحمام بالماء الساخن.. راحة مؤقتة وأضرار دائمة للبشرة

ماذا يحدث للجسم عند تخطي وجبة الإفطار؟

المزيد

الآخبار التكنلوجية

كيف تساعد الصيانة الوقائية في الحفاظ على كفاءة التكييف في سيارتك ؟

في ظاهرة غريبة حيرت العلماء.. كوكبنا قد يسجل أقصر يوم في التاريخ هذا الصيف!

السد الصيني العملاق يعيق دوران الأرض ويغيّر شكلها ؟

السعودية تطلق 10 تجارب علمية إلى محطة الفضاء الدولية

المزيد

مواضيع ذات صلة

Consequences of modifying Gunlogsons 2001 model

A case study of the semantics of clear - Factivity revisited

A case study of the semantics of clear - The analysis

A case study of the semantics of clear - Vagueness

Adjective/adverb semantics and verb semantics

Semantics Gradability and degree modification

Semantics

Some lexical structures and their empirical validity Conclusion

Metaphor and the form of lexical entry

Systematic and accidental lexical gaps explained by lexical hierarchies

Hierarchies are non-convergent

COMPARATIVES