See Figure 1. The pituitary gland is located in the sella turcica on the dorsal aspect of the sphenoid. It is attached to the infundibulum by both the pituitary stalk (composed largely of magnocellular axons enroute to the posterior pituitary) and by long portal vessels that supply the anterior pituitary. Beneath the pituitary and floor of the sella turcica is the roof of the sphenoid air sinus, a relationship exploited in the transethmoid, trans- sphenoid surgical approach to the pituitary. The bony anterior margin of the sella supports the optic chiasm; lateral to the midline on either side the internal carotid artery passes from the medial wall of the cavernous sinus into the subarachnoid space; lateral to the artery the anterior clinoid processes of the sphenoid give attachment to the meningeal layer of the dura forming the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus. The posterior margin of the sella is the midline dorsum sellae which ends laterally as the posterior clinoid processes to which dura forming the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus is attached. The meningeal layer of the dura continues over the pituitary as the sellar diaphragm which has a (usually) small central aperture for the pituitary stalk. The sella is lined by the perios teal layer of dura. The pituitary gland itself lacks leptomeninges which surround the stalk and below the level of the sellar diaphragm reflect on themselves forming the infradiaphragmatic pituitary cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cistern. If this cistern is breached during transsphenoidal surgery in a person in which the diaphragmatic opening in the leptomeninges is large, persistent CSF rhinorrhoea may develop. The cavernous sinuses are situated on either side of the sella and body of the sphenoid. Each receives the superior and inferior ophthalmic veins (which communicate with the facial veins), the superficial middle cerebral vein and the sphenoparietal sinus which runs along the lesser wing of the sphenoid. The two cavernous sinuses communicate through veins anterior, posterior, and sometimes inferior to the pituitary gland. Cavernous sinus blood drains posteriorly through superior and inferior petrosal sinuses to reach the internal jugular vein and through the foramen lacerum to the pterygoid venous plexus. The oculomotor, trochlear, and maxillary and ophthalmic branches of the trigeminal pass through the lateral wall of the sinus, the internal carotid artery follows an S- shaped course in the medial wall of the sinus, with the abducent nerve on its lateral aspect. Within the cavernous sinus, the internal carotid artery gives a number of branches including fine branches which supply the sinus walls, a branch to the abducent nerve, and the posterior (but not anterior) pituitary via the inferior hypophyseal artery and pituitary capsule.

Fig1. Hypothalamic nuclei and major tracts.

اخر الاخبار

اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة

شعبة الشهداء والجرحى تباشر مرحلة التدقيق الشامل لأكثر من 10 آلاف إضبارة مؤرشفة

قسم الشؤون الفكرية يصدر كتابًا تخصصيًّا في إعراب الصحيفة السجادية وبيانها

أكاديمية التطوير الإداري تنظم ورشة عن الإتيكيت الوظيفي لطلبتها

سماحة السيد الصافي يزور معهد الكفيل للنطق والتأهيل المدرسي ويشيد بالدور الإنساني والتربوي لملاكاته

المزيد

الآخبار الصحية

العلاج بالماء البارد.. باحثون يكشفون فوائده الصحية

من دون صالة رياضية.. عادة بسيطة لتحسين الصحة وخسارة الوزن

لصحة القلب وتفادي السرطان.. استهلك هذا النوع من الطعام

دراسة تحذر من خطر شرب القهوة في أكواب البلاستيك

المزيد

الآخبار التكنلوجية

إنجاز طبي تاريخي.. جراحة قلب بلا شق في الصدر

اليابان.. مراحيض توفر فحص للحالة الصحية عبر "تحليل البراز" !

اختراق واسع لمنصة "إنستغرام".. ونشر بيانات على "الدارك ويب"

علماء يحذرون: هكذا سيفنى كوكب الأرض

المزيد

مواضيع ذات صلة

Blood Supply of the Hypothalamus and Pituitary

Development of the Hypothalamus and Pituitary

Hypothalamic Neural Connections

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Anatomy

Hypothalamic Control of the Pituitary Gland

الغدة النخامية Pituitary gland

الغدة النخامية Pituitary Gland

الهرمون المضاد لإدرار البول Anti-diuretic Hormone , ADH

هرمون الأوكسي توسين Oxytocin , OT

الغدد النخامية The Pituitary

الهرمون المضاد لإدرار البول Antidiuretic Hormone- ADH

هرمون الأوكسي توسين Oxytocin, OT